CSS:

• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents.
• More information about CSS can be found at W3.org. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international consortium where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards. W3C primarily pursues its mission through the creation of Web standards and guidelines. Since 1994, W3C has published more than 110 such standards, called W3C Recommendations. There are beginner CSS tutorials meant for people who want to start using CSS and have never written a CSS style sheet before.
• CSS Reference allows you to see all the CSS choices and gives a practice area to test bits of styles together.
• CSS Digest is a community based website that is based around CSS coding. Articles, forums, tutorials, tips and more.

XML:

• If you need to display dynamic data in your HTML document, it takes a lot of time and work to edit each affected HTML document each time the data changes. With XML, data can be stored in separate XML files. This way you can concentrate on using HTML for layout and display, and be sure that changes in the underlying data will not require any changes to the HTML. With a few lines of JavaScript, you can read an external XML file and update the data content of your HTML.
• XML makes the transfer of data easier even between incompatible applications and across different operating platforms.
• XML is a markup language for documents containing structured information. XML does not specify semantics nor a tag set. XML is a meta-language for describing markup languages. XML provides a facility to define tags and the structural relationships between them. The semantics of an XML document will either be defined by the applications that process them or by style sheets that they are applied to.

DHTML

• Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is a combination of technologies used to create interactive and/or animated web sites by using a combination of a static markup language (such as HTML), a client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a presentation definition language (such as CSS), and the Document Object Model.
• DHTML allows scripting languages to change variables in a web page's definition language, which in turn affects the look and function of otherwise "static" HTML page. Thus the dynamic characteristic of DHTML is the way it functions while a page is viewed, not in its ability to generate a unique page with each page load. By contrast, a dynamic web page is a broader concept — any web page generated differently for each user, load occurrence, or specific variable values. This includes pages created by client-side scripting, and ones created by server-side scripting (such as PHP or Perl) where the web server generates content before sending it to the client.

PHP

• PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge and is currently installed on over 20 million web sites and 1 million web servers worldwide. More information about PHP can be found at the PHP.net
• PHP is the widely-used, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.

ASP

• ASP or Active Server Pages, was Microsoft's first server-side script engine for dynamically-generated web pages. It has now been superseded by ASP.NET. In ASP 2.0 there were six built-in objects: Application, ASPError, Request, Response, Server, and Session. Session, for example, is a cookie-based session object that maintains the state of variables from page to page. Functionality is further extended by objects which, when instantiated, provide access to the environment of the web server; as an example FileSystemObject (FSO) is used to create, read, update and delete files. Pages with the .aspx extension are ASP.NET (based on Microsoft's .NET Framework) and compiled, which makes them faster and more robust than server-side scripting in ASP which is interpreted at run-time; however, many ASP.NET pages still include some ASP scripting. Such marked differences between ASP and ASP.NET have led to the terms Classic ASP or ASP Classic being used, which also implies some nostalgia for the simpler platform.